(Alpha Lipoic Acid, Beta Carotene, Green tea, Panthenol, Topical Vitamins A, C and E.)
These ingredients protect against signs of skin “oxidation” (the term used for breakdown) that occurs when ”free radicals” are formed in the skin as a result of a variety of environmental insults, including sunlight, pollution, smoking and alcohol use. When free radicals form in the skin, there is accelerated aging and an increased risk of cancer due to these oxidative changes that occur in the skin.

When an ingredient is referred to as having “antioxidant activity,” it prevents the signs of skin aging. Popular antioxidants include alpha lipoic acid, beta carotene, CoQ10, green tea, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (tocopherol), and retinoids.